Headlamp Cares

•Headlamp lens cleaners are required by ECE Regulations 48 on vehicles equipped with low-beam headlamps using light sources that have a reference luminous flux of 2,000 lumens or more.

•Lens cleaning systems come in two main varieties:

  -Wiper blade driven by motor

  -Pop-up high-pressure sprayer.

Headlamp wiper

•Only put on european cars because it was required by Road Safety Regulations in many european countries.

•wipers aren't there to wipe away rain but to remove crud and snow during winter.

 

Headlamp Washer

•Includes all HID headlamps and some high-power halogen units.

•Uses high-pressure sprayer which cleans the lenses with a spray of windshield washer fluid.

 

 Posted by Fazirul Nizar bin Dzulkifli (54268210088)

New Headlamp Technology

Headlamp Levelling Systems

•Since 1998 the ECE-Regulation R48(Installation of lighting and light-signalling devices) requires the compensation of vehicle inclination caused by different loading conditions.

•Known as Vertical Aim Control (VAC) headlamp.

•Purpose: Avoid glaring of oncoming traffic and on the other hand to ensure an optimum range of illumination.

*United Nationc Economic Commission for Europe(UNECE or ECE)

•Manual VAC:-

  - Uses a rotary or slide switch to adjust the headlamps according

    to the tilt of the vehicle.

  - Electric motor integrated inside the lamp

•Automatic VAC:-

- Axle sensors detect the angle of the chassis. An electronic

    control unit (ECU) calculates the vehicle´s tilt and compares

    this with the predefined value.

 

Directional Headlamps 

•Improved lighting during corners.

•Gives the driver the ability to "see around corners".

•Headlamps connected to the steering mechanism, the lights will follow the movement of the front wheels.

To prevent glare to opposite side vehicles.

Infrared Headlamp 

•Uses infrared sensor by emitting the microwave to detect leading and oncoming vehicles.

•Infrared can works on dark place

•It will dimmer the light when approaching near to other vehicles and road user.

•To prevent glare to other drivers.

 

 

 Posted by Fazirul Nizar bin Dzulkifli (54268210088)

Occupant Packaging : Seat Part V (Video)

I found some useful video in the youtube. So enjoy...

Occupant Packaging : Seat Part IV

With the advance of technology, the using of computer aided design(CAD) helps the engineers to reduce time in drawing the seat. In ergonomics aspects,engineers will simulate driver behaviour and measure key criteria such as reach,visibility,comfort,posture, biomechanics,strength and anthropometrics. This analysis will enable the team to make driver oriented decisions about cockpit design, while respecting the overall aerodynamics of the race car body.

Example of CAD

To optimize cockpit ergonomics, engineers will first create a digital model of each driver using a combination of laser scanning and manual anthropometrical techniques. The resulting virtual models will be used to analyze and improve specific accommodation issues such as driver comfort and security, and accessibility and serviceability of components inside the cockpit during pit stops—without the need to involve the actual drivers.
Example of CAD are:

a)  RAMSIS -  A 3D computer model simulating the driver,which is the leading CAD tool for ergonomic analysis of vehicle. Its goal is to overcome the limitation of 2D human templates, as well as to provide methods for predicting driver postures and comfort.

Instrument panel layouts by RAMsis

b) The SAMMIE system -  produced by an Ergonomics Design Consultancy dedicated to improving product,workplace, and service design for the benefit of the user and ultimately the producer and is it approved by SAE.

The SAMMIE system is a computer based Human Modeling tool. Its capabilities make it an invaluable tool to the designers and design teamw working on products that are used by people. The system offers the following advantages :

 

   1. 3D analysis of fit, reach, vision and posture.
   2. reduced timescale.
   3. early input of ergonomics expertise.
   4. rapid interactive design.
   5. improved communication.
   6. cost effective ergonomics.
 

Driver View Points-Sammie System

Occupant Packaging : Seat Part III

 So, in order to learn more in this we have to know about the H- point. As a quote from wikipedia;

the H-point (or hip-point) is the theoretical, relative location of an occupant's hip, specifically the pivot point between the torso and upper leg portions of the body, either relative to the floor of the vehicle^[1] or relative to the height above pavement level -- and pertinent to seating comfort, visibility from the vehicle into traffic and other design factors. Technically, the measurement uses the hip joint of a 50th Percentile male occupant, viewed laterally.^[2]

From the definition I believe we understand that the design of seat should be to achieved greater stability and comfortability of H-point.

Below are some of important imformation found in the internet.

Occupant Packaging : Seat Part II

In this topic, we are going to discuss on driver's "cockpit". The seat that are going to be designed must follow a thorough inspection so that when it produced massively, will later satisfy the customers expectation. For example, in Asian region where the average human is 175cm height compared to in Europe which is 7cm more. That is why,if we look at todays demand for car, most Asian buyer prefer to buy a compact car rather than truck sized car(quite famous for American).

Below is a diagram which explain the optimum features for a completely built seat.

## The working-place drive must be designed for different sizes of humans. The two-dimensional design dummies cover the 5% female up to the 95% male, as shown below.

 

Occupant Packaging : Seat Part I

Criteria for driver's Seat :

1. the seat should position the driver with unobstructed vision and within reach of all vehicle control
2. the seat must accommodate the driver's size and shape
3. the seat should be comfortable for extended period
4. the seat should provide a safe zone for the driver in a crash

All aspects that contribute to a more comfortable drive also help to reduce accidents, for example:

         @ comfortable entry and egress from the  vehicle
@ the entrance and seat not too low above the road
@ a good adjustable seat
@ a seat back with lumbar support.